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在高强度人类活动影响下,“丝绸之路经济带”的资源环境面临严峻问题与挑战,而对研究区的荒漠化动态变化进行遥感监测可为荒漠化的防治和治理提供理论基础和数据支持。以2000—2014年的250 m分辨率MOD13Q1为数据源,利用归一化植被指数和决策树分类进行荒漠化程度划分,得到丝绸之路经济带荒漠化土地动态变化和转移面积矩阵。结果表明:2000—2014年研究区荒漠化土地面积增加,其荒漠化土地增长量为98 912.26km2和增长率为0.11%。其中,非荒漠化向荒漠化共转移308 289.73 km2,大于荒漠化向非荒漠化的转移面积266 497.67 km2。在空间分布上,中亚荒漠化土地由西南的严重荒漠化向东北的轻度荒漠化逐渐减轻,且向哈萨克斯坦北部地区不断推移;中国的荒漠化土地多集中分布在塔里木、吐鲁番和柴达木三大盆地中,且以宁夏陕西甘肃北部地区的减少为主。总体上,丝绸之路经济带沿线地区总荒漠化面积增加,程度趋于严重,荒漠化问题日益突出。
Under the influence of high-intensity human activities, the resources and environment of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” are facing serious problems and challenges. Remote sensing monitoring of the dynamic changes of desertification in the study area can provide theoretical basis and data support for the prevention and control of desertification. Taking MOD13Q1 with a resolution of 250 m from 2000 to 2014 as the data source, the degree of desertification was classified by using the normalized vegetation index and the decision tree classification to get the dynamic change of the desertified land and the transfer area matrix in the Silk Road Economic Belt. The results showed that the area of desertified land increased from 2000 to 2014, with an increase of 98.912.26km2 and a growth rate of 0.11%. Among them, a total of 308 289.73 km2 of non-desertification is transferred to desertification, more than the non-desertification transfer of 266 497.67 km2. In terms of spatial distribution, the desertified land in Central Asia gradually lightened from severe desertification in southwest China to mild desertification in northeast China, and continued to shift to the northern part of Kazakhstan. The desertified land in China is mainly concentrated in the three major basins of Tarim, Turpan and Qaidam In the northern region of Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi. Overall, the total area of desertification along the Silk Road Economic Belt has increased in area and the degree of desertification has become increasingly serious. The issue of desertification has become increasingly prominent.