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为了明确河南省小麦品种的抗叶锈性及抗叶锈基因的分布,为小麦品种推广与合理布局、叶锈病防治及抗病育种提供依据,本研究利用2015年采自河南省的5个小麦叶锈菌流行小种混合菌株,对近几年河南省16个主栽小麦品种进行了苗期抗性鉴定,然后选用12个小麦叶锈菌生理小种对这些品种进行苗期基因推导,同时利用与24个小麦抗叶锈基因紧密连锁(或共分离)的30个分子标记对该16个品种进行了抗叶锈基因分子检测。结果显示,供试品种苗期对小麦叶锈菌混合流行小种均表现高度感病;基因推导与分子检测结果表明,供试品种可能含有Lr1、Lr16、Lr26和Lr30这4个抗叶锈基因,其中先麦8号含有Lr1和Lr26;郑麦366和郑麦9023含有Lr1;西农979和怀川916含有Lr16;中麦895、偃展4110、郑麦7698、平安8号、众麦1号、周麦16、衡观35和矮抗58含有Lr26;周麦22中含有Lr26,还可能含有Lr1和Lr30;豫麦49-198和洛麦23可能含有本研究中检测以外的其他抗叶锈基因。因此,河南省主栽小麦品种的抗叶锈基因丰富度较低,今后育种工作应注重引入其他抗叶锈性基因,提高抗叶锈性,有效控制小麦叶锈病。
In order to clarify the leaf rust resistance and the distribution of leaf rust resistance genes of wheat cultivars in Henan Province, this study provided the basis for the promotion and rational distribution of wheat cultivars, leaf rust prevention and disease resistance breeding. In this study, five wheat Leaf rust mixed strains of endemic races, Henan Province in recent years, the 16 cultivated wheat varieties were seedling resistance identification, and then use 12 wheat leaf rust physiological races of these species seedling gene derived at the same time Thirty-six molecular markers of leaf rust resistance were detected using 30 molecular markers closely linked (or co-segregated) to 24 wheat leaf rust genes. The results showed that the tested varieties showed a high degree of susceptibility to the mixed wheat leaf rust fungus. The results of gene deduction and molecular analysis indicated that the tested leaf rust may contain four rust leaf rust genes Lr1, Lr16, Lr26 and Lr30 , Among which, the first wheat 8 contained Lr1 and Lr26; Zhengmai 366 and Zhengmai 9023 contained Lr1; and Xinong 979 and Wuchuan 916 contained Lr16; Zhongmai 895, Yanzhan 4110, Zhengmai 7698, Ping’an 8 and Zhongmai 1 , Zhoumai 16, Hengguan 35 and Aikang 58 contained Lr26; Zhoumai 22 contained Lr26 and possibly Lr1 and Lr30; Yumai 49-198 and Luomai 23 may contain other anti-leaflets than those tested in this study Rust gene. Therefore, the main wheat cultivars in Henan Province have a low abundance of leaf rust resistance genes. In the future, breeding efforts should focus on the introduction of other leaf rust resistance genes to improve leaf rust resistance and control leaf rust of wheat.