Self-propelled nanomotor reconstructs tumor microenvironment through synergistic hypoxia alleviation

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Solid tumors always exhibit local hypoxia,resulting in the high metastasis and inertness to chemotherapy.Reconstruction of hypoxic tumor microenvironment(TME)is considered a potential ther-apy compared to directly killing tumor cells.However,the insufficient oxygen delivery to deep tumor and the confronting“Warburg effect”compromise the efficacy of hypoxia alleviation.Herein,we construct a cascade enzyme-powered nanomotor(NM-si),which can simultaneously provide sufficient oxygen in deep tumor and inhibit the aerobic glycolysis to potentiate anti-metastasis in chemotherapy.Catalase(Cat)and glucose oxidase(GOx)are co-adsorbed on our previously reported CAuNCs@HA to form self-propelled nanomotor(NM),with hexokinase-2(HK-2)siRNA further condensed(NM-si).The persistent production of oxygen bubbles from the cascade enzymatic reaction propels NM-si to move for-ward autonomously and in a controllable direction along H2O2 gradient towards deep tumor,with hyp-oxia successfully alleviated in the meantime.The autonomous movement also facilitates NM-si with lysosome escaping for efficient HK-2 knockdown to inhibit glycolysis.In vivo results demonstrated a promising anti-metastasis effect of commercially available albumin-bound paclitaxel(PTX@HSA)after pre-treated with NM-si for TME reconstruction.This cascade enzyme-powered nanomotor provides a potential prospect in reversing the hypoxic TME and metabolic pathway for reinforced anti-metastasis of chemotherapy.
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