姚剧《王阳明》在台湾

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  王阳明在海峡两岸乃至世界各地具有广泛影响,把这一历史名人搬上舞台,是海峡两岸文化交流的最好品牌。台湾观众非常崇敬王阳明。浙江省余姚市艺术剧院在台湾阳明山下、阳明公园之畔,演出新编姚剧历史剧《王阳明》,场场满座,掌声如潮。姚剧《王阳明》感动台湾,而台湾观众争看《王阳明》的盛况又让人感动。
  
  “浙江的姚剧要来台湾演出了。”在台湾的戏剧爱好者和浙江籍的父老乡亲奔走相告,大家都盼望能在家门口一睹姚剧《王阳明》的风采。演出受到台湾各界广泛关注,台湾30多家媒体参加了新闻发布会,演出当天下午售票窗口就排起了长队,浙江老乡扶老携幼真想先睹为快,队伍里老者竟有90多岁,最小的10多岁。一位台湾花莲的中年妇女从花莲坐了3小时的火车特意赶到新北,为的是亲眼看上姚剧《王阳明》。“我是朗霞人”“阿拉是余姚人”,在演出处休息厅大家互相嘘寒问暖,家长里短,乡音亲情,阵阵笑声久久回荡。
  王阳明是中国明代著名思想家、哲学家、教育家和军事家,是中国五千年文明史中“立德、立功、立言”三不朽的先哲名贤。对于《王阳明》在台湾的成功演出,演出团团长潘银浩表示,戏剧是沟通心灵和情感的桥梁,王阳明的思想是海峡两岸共同的文化财富。姚剧《王阳明》的交流演出,使台湾人民更深地了解王阳明,了解姚剧,认识浙江,增进了两岸之间的深情厚谊。
  一曲乡音,唤起浓浓思乡情。2月15日晚,姚剧《王阳明》在台北市社教馆城市舞台进行首场演出,拉开了第五届“台湾·浙江文化节”的帷幕。能容纳1000多人的城市舞台内座无虚席。华灯初上,台湾知名人士、文化艺术界人士和观众从四面八方赶到城市舞台观看演出。这些观众中,不乏带有浓重浙江口音和讲余姚话的戏迷。在之后台中、新北等城市的演出中,很多浙籍乡贤前来观看。精美壮丽的舞台艺术、清婉动听的戏剧乐曲、扣人心弦的剧情和演员精彩的演出让他们深深迷醉。姚剧《王阳明》在台湾的演出几乎场场爆满。余姚市艺术剧院这次专门推出了繁体字字幕,以解决余姚方言的理解障碍,让台湾观众更好地了解姚剧,了解《王阳明》。演出中观众一次次为生动的剧情和精彩的演出所感动,掌声、喝彩声一阵接着一阵,演出结束又久久不愿离去,演员们在台上鼓掌欢送,许多台湾观众纷纷要演员签名留念,有的还拿出相机与演员合影,场面热烈亲切、叫人感动。
  祖籍浙江余姚的国民党副秘书长、台湾立法机构委员洪秀柱,对家乡和姚剧怀有深深的感情。洪秀柱喜爱姚剧,缘于去年一次回家乡探亲。在余姚时,她第一次听说家乡还有姚剧。之后,又第一次看到艺术剧院院长寿建立表演姚剧。瞬间,她被姚剧吸引了,随即拜寿建立为师。从此,姚剧在她心中深深扎下了根。
  2月14日在台北举行的《王阳明》演出记者会上,洪秀柱亲临出席,积极向与会记者推介起姚剧。她说:“我的父亲是余姚人,我为我是余姚人感到骄傲,我对姚剧非常感兴趣,姚剧音韵优美动听,感觉亲切,大家可尝试学唱。而且王阳明‘致良知、知行合一’的精神,是非常值得我们学习的。”在台湾演出期间,洪秀柱女士还在百忙之中抽出时间,两次专程赶到剧场看演出。每次演出结束后,洪秀柱与演员们亲切握手,一一合影留念,祝贺演出圆满成功。在台湾的最后一场演出,她也赶来观看,演出结束,余姚市文化局长和新北市文化局长上台互赠礼物,洪秀柱也走上舞台问大家:“今天的演出精彩不精彩啊?”“精彩!”全场又一次响起雷鸣般的掌声。
  一些浙江老乡在看戏时,都是带着下一代来追忆故乡。在台北社教馆城市舞台,我们遇到了一位老家在温岭的浙江老乡,她说非常喜欢浙江戏剧。这次从媒体上得知姚剧团来演出,她带着10岁的孙子,足足经历了两个多小时的路程前来看戏;还有一位腿部患有关节炎的大娘,上午在看医生时偶然得知姚剧团来演出,不顾行路不便,特地来到剧场,兴致勃勃地看完了全场。
  “姚剧太棒了!”余姚市艺术剧院在台湾的倾情演出,不仅深受当地浙江老乡的热烈欢迎,而且受到台湾观众的认同和喜爱。剧团每到一个城市演出,当地政要、知名人士和一些经济界人士有的敬献花篮、有的观看演出。在新北市,当地公务员打卡机的荧屏上,也有姚剧《王阳明》的宣传剧照,希望工作人员踊跃观看。有4位在新北市工作的女观众在下午下班后坐着“捷运”赶到台北来看戏,她们说,在读书时就知道王阳明的学术思想,这次是怀着对王阳明的崇敬之心来看戏的,就是想知道剧本是怎样把王阳明的一生贯穿起来。看了演出以后觉得剧情很好,王阳明的思想让她们深受感动。
  文化搭“桥”,交流合作。家住花莲的台湾舞蹈工作者吴雪月得知姚剧要在新北市演出后,便和其他两位舞蹈工作者一起坐了3个小时的火车从花莲赶到新北,观看了《王阳明》;知名艺人白冰冰、张琇雅等众多演艺界人士也前来观看了演出。这些内行不放过任何精彩细节,每到会意处,总是会响起充满激情的掌声,演出结束后,还与剧团演员进行了艺术上的磋商、交流。吴雪月认为这种用戏剧的方式来呈现,可以让更多的年轻人了解王阳明。她很希望以后有机会与姚剧工作者进行艺术上的合作交流。台湾知名艺人白冰冰连看了两场,她说:“这个戏太动人了,我真的无法控制自己的眼泪,相信所有看了演出的观众都会有这样的感受,因为我们是那样强烈地需要阳明精神,感谢你们为台湾送来《王阳明》。希望姚剧能常来演出,这样的文化交流越多越好。”
  演出超出了预期目标,《王阳明》赴台演出获得了圆满成功,引起了广大媒体的热切关注。演出期间,各大媒体盛赞这是两岸艺术交流的又一件盛事。新华网、《人民日报》海外版、《浙江日报》等媒体对《王阳明》演出进行了报道。台湾众多媒体也对《王阳明》演出进行了报道。《旺报》甚至用整版的篇幅,图文并茂地介绍了姚剧《王阳明》和寿建立人物专访,“东森电视”等电视媒体也报道了“台湾·浙江文化节”的新闻和姚剧《王阳明》的演出新闻。据初步统计,共有两岸40余家媒体50多名记者参与了此次活动的报道。在宣传《王阳明》的同时,也扩大了余姚的知名度和影响力。
  姚剧早在2008年就被列入了国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。姚剧以音乐流畅、活泼见长,曲调节奏明快,唱词纯朴通俗,生活气息浓郁,道白通俗易懂。姚剧《王阳明》大胆突破旧的戏剧结构模式,采取了篇章式的传纪体。全剧通过对王阳明一生中几个重要时期的截取,完整地展现了王阳明这位明代先贤的生平和思想。该剧获第六届中国戏剧文学奖金奖、浙江省第十一届戏剧节新剧目大奖等奖项。
  余姚市艺术剧院院长寿建立五十开外,就是姚剧《王阳明》中王阳明主要扮演者。尽管姚剧已经有250多年的历史,但一向是以表演现代题材见长。这次演绎古装历史题材戏,对这位王阳明的扮演者来说,可是一个不小的挑战。他以自己的独特而优美的嗓音,活脱脱地表演了王阳明一生的坎坷和离奇,为表演王阳明的刚正不阿,寿建立在关键词的唱功中用阳刚之气感染观众。在第二场表演王阳明受刑一场戏中,寿建立大胆创新,把原来姚剧从未用过的“甩发”用来表演王阳明的内心世界,他练了数百次的“甩发”常常赢得满堂喝彩。寿建立说:“当我在演出时,看到观众们在台下热情地鼓掌。演出后,观众又争着和我们合影,让演员签名,让我无比激动,永生难忘。”
  这次演出活动也是第五届“台湾·浙江文化节”的主打项目,由浙江省文化艺术交流促进会,台北、新北、台中市政府主办,宁波市文化广电新闻出版局等单位合办。在为期10余天的时间里,演出团先后在台北、台中和新北市演出5场。王阳明这一名贤的伟大人格、充满浓郁地方特色的戏剧艺术魅力倾倒了台湾观众。□
  
  Yaoju Opera Shows Life of Local Celebrity in Taiwan
  By Liu Ke, Li Rongrong, Chen Yajie, Qiu Mingliang
  
  Wang Yangming (1472-1529), a great scholar and philosopher in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), is an influential figure on the mainland and in Taiwan. Wang was a native of Yuyao, now a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Ningbo, a port city in eastern Zhejiang Province. Wang is a popular figure in Taiwan for various reasons. He is a famous thinker, philosopher, educator and general. In the history of 5,000-year Chinese civilization, the great scholar plays a unique role: he is considered a giant of virtue, accomplishment, and thought. He was highly admired by Chiang Kai-shek. The ruler of Taiwan for decades after he retreated to the island province, Chiang renamed a hill in Taipei Mount Yangming and had his residence built there.
  The Yuyao Art Theater visited Taiwan in mid February, 2011, on behalf of Zhejiang Province to participate the fifth annual Taiwan-Zhejiang Festival. It staged a history drama named “Wang Yangming”. The premiere was in Taipei on February 15. Altogether the troupe mounted five performances during its ten-plus-day stay in Taiwan.
  The play was a great success. It was warmly applauded by those whose ancestral roots are in Yuyao and those who took great interest in the scholar.
  The Taiwan media covered the event extensively. The press conference for the premier was held on February 14, attended by journalists from over 30 media organizations. On the afternoon of the premiere night, people formed a long queue to buy tickets, most of them being natives of Zhejiang in general and of Yuyao in particular.
  On the night of February 15, 2010, the curtain was raised on Wang Yangming, a starter for the launching of the Taiwan-Zhejiang Festival. The venue was the Metropolitan Hall at Taipei Culture Center and the theater with 1,000 seats was full.
  The play was most acclaimed by those whose ancestral roots are in Zhejiang. Some came with their adult children to watch the play, considering it an opportunity to show the cultural charms of hometown to their children and grand children. A woman from Wenling in southern Zhejiang walked for two hours with her 10-year-old grandson to reach the Metropolitan Hall. A granny visiting a doctor for the treatment of her leg arthritis happened to learn about the visiting Yaoju Troupe and came to watch the play. The Metropolitan Hall’s lounge became a meeting place for those who were from Yuyao. The Yuyao dialect was heard everywhere.
  Local residents in Taiwan loved the play too. Politicians, celebrities, and business people sent flowers to the performances. Audiences changed gradually. Zhejiang natives made up the majority of the audience attending the premiere in Taipei. Then more and more young people showed up in following performances. The last show in Xinbei City attracted the young accounting for more than the half of the audience.
  In order to make the Yuyao dialect used in the play easy to understand, the subtitle in traditional Chinese characters used in Taiwan was provided.
  Wang Yangming as a philosopher is best known in Taiwan for his two major propositions: “knowledge and action are one” and “behave in good conscience.” Many residents came to watch the play because they wanted to find out how a regional opera from Zhejiang portrayed the great scholar they respected.
  Members of school board of directors of Yangming Middle School of Taipei (a school named after the great scholar) came to watch the play. Afterwards, they came backstage and held a discussion with the troupe members on how to further promote Wang’s ideology. The school planned to visit Wang’s former residence and academy in Yuyao in conjunction with Yangming University and Yangming Academy, both being higher education institutions in Taiwan, which are also named after the great philosopher.
  The more-than-expected success of the Yaoju Opera performances in Taiwan attracted the attention of media. Fifty-plus journalists from 40 media across the straits covered the drama event. The media unanimously applauded the event as a big promotion of cultural exchanges across the straits.
  Yaoju Opera started in the years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The 250-year-old regional opera genre has been a national intangible cultural heritage since 2008. The opera is celebrated for its flowing and lively melody and easy and everyday-life lyrics with a repertoire of a lot of modern plays. “Wang Yangming” breaks away from traditional drama structure by portraying a number of key stages in Wang’s life. It looks very much as if the play displays a few chapters of a biography depicting the scholar’s life and ideology. The play won a gold medal at the 6th China Drama & Literature Award in November 2010 and an award at the 11th Zhejiang Theater Festival in December 2010.
  The subtitle of Wang Yangming has been translated into Japanese. Yuyao Art Theater is ready to launch the play in Japan where Wang Yangming and his thought are influential.□
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