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利用生物多样性,将不同抗性的豇豆品种与辣椒、苦瓜、西红柿、洋姜、落葵等作物进行多样性种植,根据豇豆田间主要病虫害和天敌的发生发展情况,品种的抗性,病虫害的控制效果,天敌种类和数量的变化情况、不同组合不同栽培方式的产量效应调查,结果表明:①生物多样性种植对病虫害有明显的控制效果。对白粉病的平均控效幅度为19.82%~80.62%;对豆荚螟的控效幅度为11.11%~66.67%,红蜘蛛为21.53%~47.4%,斑潜蝇为11.5%~45.8%。②不同组合及其栽培方式的增产效果不同。增产因组合不同而不同,幅度为600~3390 kg/hm2。③天敌总数间作比净作增加30.56%.④诱导植物美菘菜和金盏菊对斑潜蝇有很好的效果,早期叶片受害率为达90%以上;美菘菜对菜青虫的效果最好,高峰期叶片受害率达100%。
Based on the biological diversity, the cowpea cultivars with different resistances were cultivated with the crops of pepper, bitter gourd, tomato, ginger and aloe vera, according to the occurrence and development of the main diseases, pests and natural enemies in the cowpea field, the resistance of the varieties, Control effects, changes in the species and quantity of natural enemies, yield effects of different combinations of different cultivation methods were investigated. The results showed that: (1) Biodiversity had obvious control effects on pests and diseases. The average rate of control for powdery mildew was 19.82% ~ 80.62%. The control effect on the pod borer was 11.11% ~ 66.67%, that of spider mites was 21.53% ~ 47.4% and that of leaf miner was 11.5% ~ 45.8%. ② different combinations and their cultivation methods yield different effects. Yield increases vary by combination, with an amplitude of 600 to 3390 kg / hm2. ③The total number of natural enemies increased by 30.56% compared with the net increase.④ Induction of plant Meixi and Calendula officinalis had good effects on leafminers, and the damage rate of early leaves was more than 90% Well, the peak damage rate of 100% leaves.