患儿男孩,3岁,于1965年6月27日入院。患儿于入院十三天前食欲减退,精神委靡,口渴,三日后腹泻,每日3～5次,大便蛋花状。又三日,便次增多,乃至不能计数,大便仍为蛋花状,量少。其时食欲锐减,每日进食半碗面糊,整日嗜睡。于入院前三四日每日仅进稀饭数口,口渴加剧,日夜要饮水,尿量增多。至入院前日晨间发现患儿不能抬头,颈软,头任人放置,直立时下垂。站立不稳。手欲取物,每骤落而中止。个人与家族病史无殊可记。检查所见:发育正常,营养较差,精神委靡。头不能活动,处被动位置,颈软不能支撑头部。胸部卧时扁平,立时胸骨前突,无肋骨串珠。心音钝,以心尖区第 The boy, 3 years old, was admitted on June 27, 1965. Children admitted to hospital 13 days ago, loss of appetite, mental exhaustion, thirst, diarrhea after three days, 3 to 5 times a day, egg-shaped stool egg. On the other hand, on the third day, the number increased and even the number of stools remained unchanged. At that time sharp drop in appetite, eating half a bowl of batter daily, daytime sleepiness. In the three or four days before admission only a few porridge per day, mouth thirst, increased day and night to drink water, urine output increased. The day before admission to the hospital found that children can not be looked up, neck soft, head of any place, drooping erect. Unstable Hand to extract, each abrupt and stop. Personal and family history no special record. Check the findings: normal development, poor nutrition, mental exhaustion. Head can not move, passive position, neck soft can not support the head. Flat chest when lying flat, immediately sternal anterior process, non-ribbed beaded. Heart sound blunt, to the apex area