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以农大108为试材,通过田间试验研究不同氮肥运筹方式对春玉米干物质积累、子粒产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,氮肥不同运筹方式增产效果差异显著,其中,1/3氮肥底施、2/3氮肥两次追肥(N3)处理增产效果最好,其次是1/4氮肥底施、3/4氮肥3次追肥(N4)处理,氮肥全部作底肥(N1)处理增产效果最小。分次施肥有利于子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率的提高;随着施肥次数的增加,子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率均呈上升趋势,以N4处理最佳,其次是N3处理。氮肥不同运筹方式氮素表观损失量差异显著,N1处理其表观损失量最高,N3处理最低。因此,N3处理有效促进了植株对氮素的吸收利用,显著增加了产量和子粒蛋白质产量,降低了氮素表观损失量,是最佳氮肥运筹方式。
Nongda 108 was used as experimental material to study the effects of different N application modes on dry matter accumulation, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance in spring maize. The results showed that there were significant differences among different application modes of nitrogen fertilizer. Among them, 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer and 2/3 nitrogen fertilizer were the best, followed by 1/4 nitrogen fertilizer, 3/4 nitrogen fertilizer 3 topdressing (N4) treatment, all the nitrogen fertilizer (N1) treatment yield the least. Grading of crude protein, yield of grain protein and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were benefit by sub-fertilization. With the increase of fertilization frequency, the crude protein content, grain protein yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased with N4 treatment, Followed by N3 treatment. There was significant difference in nitrogen apparent loss between different N application modes. N 1 treatment had the highest apparent loss and N 3 treatment the lowest. Therefore, N3 treatment effectively promoted plant nitrogen uptake and utilization, significantly increased yield and grain protein yield, and reduced the apparent nitrogen loss, which was the optimal nitrogen fertilizer operation mode.