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【目的】探讨开封市围产儿出生缺陷的影响因素,为出生缺陷干预提供科学依据。【方法】2006年10月-2011年10月开封市468例出生缺陷儿的产妇为病例组,同一医院随机抽取646例于同时期分娩正常新生儿的产妇为对照组,进行回顾性调查,用单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出生缺陷的主要影响因素。【结果】研究因素中,有12个影响因素的发生率病例组与对照组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中危险因素是7个,保护因素5个;对单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,其中,婚前体检(OR=0.65),经常食用鱼虾肉蛋类、牛奶豆类等优质蛋白类食物(OR=0.59)为出生缺陷的保护性因素;而母亲吸烟饮酒(OR=2.02)、母亲致畸因素接触史(OR=1.63)、孕育期用药(OR=4.23)、孕育期接触有害物质(OR=13.26)、居住地有污染源(OR=10.23)等5个因素为出生缺陷的危险因素。【结论】母亲吸烟饮酒、母亲致畸因素接触史、孕育期用药、孕育期接触有害物质、居住地有污染源等因素为出生缺陷的主要危险因素。减少和控制孕期主要危险因素是预防出生缺陷的重要环节。
【Objective】 To investigate the influencing factors of birth defects in perinatal infants in Kaifeng City and provide a scientific basis for the intervention of birth defects. 【Methods】 468 pregnant women with birth defects in Kaifeng from October 2006 to October 2011 were selected as the case group. A total of 646 pregnant women of the same birth who had given birth during the same period were selected as the control group from the same hospital for retrospective investigation. Single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to screen the main influencing factors of birth defects. 【Results】 Among the research factors, there were 12 incidence rates of the influencing factors between the case group and the control group (P <0.05), of which 7 were risk factors and 5 were protective factors. In the univariate analysis, there were (OR = 0.65), regular consumption of shrimp meat and eggs, milk beans and other high-quality protein foods (OR = 0.59) as a protective factor of birth defects (OR = 2.06), exposure to teratogenic factors (OR = 1.63), pregnant period (OR = 4.23), exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy (OR = 13.26) 10.23) and other five factors for risk factors of birth defects. 【Conclusion】 The main risk factors of birth defects are maternal smoking and drinking, contact history of teratogenic factors, medication during pregnancy, exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy, and pollution sources in residence. Reduce and control the main risk factors during pregnancy is an important part of prevention of birth defects.