甘蔗愈伤组织和胚性细胞团的形成与分化,主要受以下因素的影响: 材料生理状态对愈伤组织或胚性细胞团形成的数质有明显差异。夏秋两季取材培养的愈伤组织质量好,诱导频率高;同一季节取材因叶龄和部位不同,诱导频率也有很大差异,以蔗尾梢生长点以上0～5厘米,-1～-4叶龄的外植体要比10厘米以上的同叶龄材料高3倍以上,诱导频率可高达100％。试验表明在N_6和MS培养基上形成的愈伤组织生长较好,色泽鲜艳,不易衰老,增殖速度快,分化频率高;在附加有2,4—D的各种培养基上,都能诱导甘蔗嫩叶产生愈伤组织,在0.5～3毫克/升可诱范围内,愈伤组织的诱导频率,随2,4—D浓度增加而提高,但继代能力表现为负相关的下降趋势,超过4毫克/升时尤其明显。在2～3毫克/升的高浓度2,4—D培养基上形成的愈伤组织质量好,色泽鲜黄,形态结构松散呈颗粒状,生长旺盛,增殖很快,在继代过程中容易产生具有胚性结构的细胞团,这些细胞团的继代和分化能力都较强。而外形结构紧密是淡灰色半透明状的愈伤组织,其继代和分化能力都较差。不同激素配比对愈伤组织或细胞团的分化频率和根芽生长是否协调有明显影响,试验表明以K1毫克/升:NAA0.5毫克/升:IBA0.5毫克/升的配比较为理想,细胞团增殖快,形成的绿苗多,分化频率高达90％以上,而且根芽分化比差小,生长较协调。愈伤组织或细胞团的年龄与分化有明显相关性,其分化频率随年龄增长而降低,并随着继代时间愈长,分化能力也渐趋下降以至不能分化。 The formation and differentiation of cane callus and embryogenic cell mass are mainly affected by the following factors: The physiological state of the material has obvious difference on the number of callus or embryogenic cell mass formed. In summer and autumn, the quality of calli cultured was good and the frequency of induction was high. In the same season, the induction frequency was also different due to the difference of leaf age and site. The growth of cotyledon tips was more than 0 ~ 5 cm and -1 ~ -4 Leaf explants are more than 3 times higher than the same leaf age material above 10 cm, and the induction frequency can be as high as 100%. The results showed that callus formed on N_6 and MS medium grew well, with bright color, not easy to senescence, fast proliferation and high frequency of differentiation. Callus induced on 2,4-D supplemented medium The callus from the leaves of sugarcane was callus. Within the inducing range of 0.5-3 mg / L, the induction frequency of callus increased with the increase of 2,4-D concentration, but the subculture ability showed a negative correlation with the decreasing trend. It is especially noticeable when it exceeds 4 mg / l. Callus formed on 2,4-D medium with high concentration of 2 ~ 3 mg / L had good quality, bright yellow color, loose and granular morphology, strong growth, rapid proliferation and easy in the process of subculture. Produce cell clusters with an embryogenic structure, these cell clusters are more capable of subculture and differentiation. The shape of the structure is light gray translucent callus, its succession and differentiation are poor. The effect of different hormones on the differentiation frequency of callus or cell mass and the coordination of root buds had obvious effects. The experiment showed that the ratio of K1 mg / L: NAA 0.5 mg / L: IBA 0.5 mg / L was ideal , The proliferation of cell mass fast, the formation of green seedlings and more, the frequency of differentiation up to 90%, and the root bud differentiation than the small, more coordinated growth. The age and differentiation of callus or cell mass were significantly correlated with the frequency of differentiation decreased with age, and with the passage of time, the ability to differentiate gradually declined and can not be differentiated.