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在基因检测的技术背景下,受测者对于检测结果是否享有不知情权,这是比较法上的新课题。基因不知情权与知情权关系密切,皆根植于个人自主,但二者并不等同。基于技术上的不成熟、最佳利益原则、个人自主及私人领域保护等政策考量,确立基因不知情权具有正当性。对基因不知情权的法律保护,隐私权模式不适合我国国情,个人信息权模式缺乏明确的法源依据,一般人格权模式在当前看来是最可行的方案。基因不知情权可能与生命权、健康权和生育权等权利发生冲突,应平衡各种利益和价值而妥善解决。
Under the technical background of genetic testing, it is a new topic for the comparative law whether the subject has the right to know the test results. The lack of genetic know-how and the right to know are closely rooted in individual autonomy, but the two are not the same. Due to technical immaturity, the principle of best interests, personal autonomy and the protection of the private sector and other policy considerations, it is justified to establish the right to know of the unknown. The legal protection of the right to know the genes, the privacy right model is not suitable for China’s national conditions, the lack of a clear legal basis for the right to personal information model, the current model of personality right seems to be the most feasible program. The right to genetic inadvertence may conflict with the right to life, health and maternity rights, and should be properly balanced against various interests and values.