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分别采用药膜法和浸叶法测定了菜蛾绒茧蜂Apantelesplutellae和小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella对杀虫剂的敏感度。结果显示 :有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、阿维菌素和锐劲特对菜蛾绒茧蜂高毒 ,而抑太保和Bt为低毒 ,然而 ,短时间 (1h)接触常规防治剂量的锐劲特、氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯和乙酰甲胺磷对菜蛾绒茧蜂低毒。增效剂胡椒基丁醚 (PB)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和马来酸二乙酯 (DEM )对菜蛾绒茧蜂的甲胺磷、克百威、氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素和锐劲特敏感性增效显著 ,但对抑太保无增效作用。PB的增效作用显著高于TPP和DEM。PB和TPP对菜蛾绒茧蜂羧酸酯酶 (CarE) ,以及DEM对谷胱甘肽S转移酶 (GST)具显著的活体抑制作用 ,但PB ,TPP和DEM对菜蛾绒茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)无抑制作用。菜蛾绒茧蜂AChE的米氏常数 (Km)、最大反应速度 (Vmax)、CarE和GST活性分别为小菜蛾的 0 2 2、2 0 8、4 60和 0 45倍 ,甲胺磷、敌敌畏和克百威对菜蛾绒茧蜂AChE的双分子速度常数 (Ki)分别为对小菜蛾的 14 7、10 5和 2 6 0倍。酶与抑制剂反应温度增高将导致酶抑制率增高 ,尤其对菜蛾绒茧蜂AChE的抑制作用更为显著。上述结果表明 ,菜蛾绒茧蜂对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的高敏感性与其显著高的AChE敏感性有关 ,氧化代
The susceptibility to insecticides of Apanteles plutellae and Plutella xylostella was determined by membrane-membrane method and immersion leaf method respectively. The results showed that organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid insecticides, avermectin and fipronil were highly toxic to the parasitoid Apanteles plutellae, while epididymal and Bt were less toxic, however, short-term 1h) exposure to conventional control doses of fipronil, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and acephate on Plutella xylostella low toxicity. Synergistic effects of piperonyl butoxide (PB), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) on methamidophos, carbofuran, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, Avermectin and fipronil sensitivities significantly synergistic, but no effect on syphilis. PB synergistic effect was significantly higher than the TPP and DEM. PB and TPP had significant inhibitory activities on carboxylesterase (CarE) and DEM on glutathione S-transferase (GST), but the activities of PB, TPP and DEM against AChE Esterase (AChE) no inhibitory effect. The Michaelis constant (Km), maximum response rate (Vmax), CarE and GST activities of AChE were 0.2 220.0, 0.490 and 0.445 times respectively for the diamondback moth, while the values of methamidophos, And the biomolecular velocity constants (Ki) of AChE against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) were respectively 15, 14, and 20 times as large as that of the diamondback moth. Enzyme and inhibitor reaction temperature will lead to higher enzyme inhibition rate, especially against the parasitoid Apantelesculus AChE inhibition is more significant. The above results indicate that the high susceptibility of the parasitoid Apanteles plutellae to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides is associated with its significantly higher sensitivity to AChE,