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本文针对中学物理教学中关于恒定电流与电场建立过程中的问题,深入探讨了稳恒电流下导线上的电荷与电场分布.经研究得知当电路稳定后与电源正极相连部分导线将积累正电荷,负极相连部分导线将积累负电荷,且越靠近电极部分积累的电荷越多,导线内部的电场沿导线方向且处处相等,外部电场由电荷分布特点决定.其次,净电荷只能分布于导体表面,导体内部有电子定向移动,但净电荷处处为零,最后还指出,导线在连接处的电荷积累情况与连接元件的电导率大小有关.
In this paper, the problem of establishing constant current and electric field in physics teaching of high school is discussed in detail, and the distribution of electric charge and electric field on the conductor under steady current is discussed in depth.After the study shows that part of the conductor connected with the positive pole of positive power will accumulate positive charge , The negative connected part of the wire will accumulate negative charge, and the closer to the electrode part of the accumulated charge, the electric field inside the conductor along the wire direction and everywhere equal, the external electric field is determined by the charge distribution characteristics.Secondly, the net charge can only be distributed in the conductor surface , The conductor inside the electronic directional movement, but the net charge everywhere at zero, finally also pointed out that the conductor in the charge accumulation of the connection with the conductivity of the connection element size.