惊厥的病理生理基础是脑神经元的异常放电和过度兴奋,表现为发作性的和一过性的脑功能紊乱。异常放电的神经元可能只限于脑的某一局部,也可能很广泛,所以惊厥的表现是多种多样的。全身性的抽搐最常见,也可能为意识、感觉、行为、情感或植物神经等方面的症状;症状可以是局部的,也可能是全身性的。惊厥一般是指全身的运动性抽搐,“发作”(seizure)则能更好地概括这一类疾病的特点。在诊断这样复杂的临床综合征时,首先必须详细询问病史,作全面的体格检查,以及必要的化验和特殊检查。现病史应包括开始发作的年龄,发作的诱因,是否伴发热,发作和睡眠的关系,有无先兆,发作时症状演变的全过程,发作时小儿对周围环境的反应,持线时间,发作后的表现,对发作的全过程能否回忆,发作频繁程度,历次发作的形式有无变化等,以确切 The pathophysiology of convulsions is abnormal discharge and over-excitement of the brain neurons, showing episodic and transient brain dysfunction. Abnormal discharge of neurons may be limited to a certain part of the brain, it may be very extensive, so the performance of convulsions is varied. Generalized convulsions are most common and may also be symptoms of consciousness, feeling, behavior, emotion, or autonomic nerves; symptoms may be localized or systemic. Convulsions generally refer to generalized motor convulsions, and “seizures” better summarize the characteristics of this type of disease. In the diagnosis of such a complex clinical syndrome, first of all must be detailed history, comprehensive physical examination, and the necessary laboratory and special examination. Current medical history should include the age of the onset of the attack, the cause of the attack, whether it is accompanied by fever, the relationship between attack and sleep, whether or not aura, the whole process of the onset of symptoms, the response of the child to the surroundings during the attack, The performance of the whole process of the recall can recall the frequency of seizures, whether the previous episode of any change in the form to confirm