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马克思恩格斯揭示了资本主义必将为社会主义所代替的历史发展规律,列宁则提出了“一国或数国首先胜利论”,并开创了落后国家无产阶级革命成功的先例。但在长期的历史发展过程中,世界社会主义国家都不同程度地出现了严重困难。因此,对落后国家建设社会主义理论进行反思十分必要。首先,在落后国家的基础上建设社会主义,困难和曲折是必然的、合理的;其次,困难大,但并不等于落后国家不能建成社会主义;再次,落后国家要建设社会主义,必须大力发展生产力,而改革开放则是发展生产力的有效途径;最后,还必须从理论上摒弃社会主义就是集中,计划等旧观念,实事求是地界定社会主义新模式。
Marx and Engels unveiled the law of historical development that capitalism will surely be replaced by socialism. Lenin put forth the precedent of “successful triumphism in one or several countries” and created the success of the proletarian revolution in the backward countries. However, in the course of long-term historical development, the socialist countries in the world have experienced serious difficulties to varying degrees. Therefore, it is very necessary to reflect on the theory of building backward socialist countries. First, difficulties and twists and turns are necessary and reasonable to build socialism on the basis of backward countries. Second, difficulties are great but not equal to backward countries that can not build socialism. Thirdly, backward countries must build socialism and must develop vigorously. Productivity, and reform and opening up are effective ways to develop productive forces. Finally, we must theoretically abandon socialism as the old conception of concentration and planning, and define a new socialist mode of seeking truth from facts.