针对常用瞬态电磁脉冲测试手段的缺点,笔者给出了一种新型的球形偶极子电场传感器,并对其进行了仿真建模和分析。文中分别在时、频域研究了负载阻抗变化和传感器尺寸变化对其测试特性的影响,并直观地给出了传感器输出电压的波形失真情况及其频率特性。结果显示:传感器低频特性受其负载阻抗影响显著,而其高频特性受传感器尺寸影响显著。分析结果对球形偶极子电场传感器研制中的参数优化和选择具有一定的参考价值。 Aiming at the shortcomings of common transient electromagnetic pulse test methods, the author gives a new type of spherical dipole electric field sensor and simulates and analyzes it. In the paper, the influence of the change of load impedance and the change of sensor dimension on the test characteristics are investigated in the time and frequency domains, and the waveform distortion and frequency characteristics of the sensor output voltage are given intuitively. The results show that the low frequency characteristic of the sensor is significantly affected by its load impedance while the high frequency characteristic of the sensor is significantly affected by the sensor size. The results of the analysis have certain reference value for parameter optimization and selection in the development of spherical dipole electric field sensor.