《马卡尔·楚德拉》是高尔基创作中的第一篇作品,是高尔基创作的第一个里程碑,是青年高尔基的文学宣言。如何评价这篇作品,是高尔基研究中的第一个难点,也是教学中的一个难点。其所以难,是因为在苏联和我国对这篇作品早有定评。季莫菲叶夫在《苏联文学史》中的观点是典型代表,可以说是几十年来支配我国文艺理论界的权威意见,也是我们教学中的传统观点。他的中心论点是:这是一篇革命浪漫主义作品。作品中的两个人物是具有“特殊精神力量”的人物,他们生活中唯一的东西就是 The first work in Gorky’s creation is Markar Chuderla, the first milestone in Gorky’s creation and the literary declaration for young Gorky. How to evaluate this work is the first difficulty in Gorky’s research and also a difficult point in teaching. It is difficult, because in the Soviet Union and our country have long comment on this work. The opinion of Timofeeev in the history of Soviet literature is a typical representative. It can be said that it is the authoritative opinion that has dominated the literary and art circles of our country for decades and also the traditional view in our teaching. His central thesis is: This is a revolutionary romanticism. The two characters in the work are the characters with “special spiritual power”. The only thing in their life is