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目的:了解内蒙古自治区（简称内蒙古）农村集中式供水氟化物含量达标情况及分布规律，为调整防控措施提供参考依据。方法:2014-2018年，在内蒙古77个旗（县、区）分别设立836、947、1 033、1 068和1 099个农村集中式供水监测点，每年于每个监测点的丰水期和枯水期采集出厂水和末梢水等水样，检测氟化物含量，根据时间、水期（丰水期和枯水期）、水样类型（出厂水和末梢水）、水处理方式（常规处理、沉淀和过滤、仅消毒、未处理）、区域[东部区（呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽和赤峰）、中部区（呼和浩特、包头、乌兰察布和锡林浩特）和西部区（鄂尔多斯、巴彦淖尔和阿拉善）]进行描述性分析，并采用ArcMAP 10.2软件进行可视化分析。结果:2014-2018年，分别采集水样3 251、3 671、4 058、4 087和4 395份，氟化物含量中位数分别为0.69、0.70、0.69、0.64和0.66 mg/L，氟化物年达标率分别为80.31%（2 611/3 251）、81.83%（3 004/3 671）、83.14%（3 374/4 058）、85.91%（3 511/4 087）和84.57%（3 717/4 395）。不同年份氟化物达标率比较差异有统计学意义（χn 2=51.748，n P 0.05）。不同水处理方式氟化物达标率比较差异有统计学意义（χ n 2=192.014，n P 0.05). The difference of compliance rate of fluoride in different water treatment methods was statistically significant (χ n 2=192.014, n P < 0.01). The compliance rates of fluoride in water with conventional treatment and only disinfection were higher [95.51% (404/423) and 94.44% (986/1 044)]; and the untreated water had the lowest compliance rate of fluoride [81.75% (13 073/15 991)]. There was a statistically significant difference in compliance rates of fluoride in the eastern, central and western regions (χ n 2=629.256, n P < 0.01), with the eastern region had the highest compliance rate of 89.17% (7 337/8 228); the central region had the lowest compliance rate of 74.67% (5 391/7 220). The visualization results showed that the compliance rate of fluoride was obviously low in the central region north of Yin Mountains and west of Greater Higgnan Mountains.n Conclusions:From 2014 to 2018, the compliance rates of fluoride in rural centralized water supply increase year by year, and some achievements have been made in fluorine reduction and water improvement project in Inner Mongolia. However, there are still some rural areas with low level of water fluoride compliance rates which mainly distribute in the central region of Inner Mongolia in the north of Yin Mountains and west of Greater Higgnan Mountains. The current focus of prevention and control should be shifted from “general control” to “precise fluorine control”. In the future, it is necessary to implement treatment projects in key areas of fluorine pollution from the aspects of policy implementation and technological innovation to ensure the drinking water safety of local rural residents.