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一、问题的提出提起医学,通常人们总会把它与疾病联系在一起。“医学即治病”的概念普遍存在。在一定意义上说,这种概念并不错,只是很不全面而已。实际上,医学与生、老、病、死的直接关联仅仅是医学的第一层面,也是医学的前沿阵地。但是,随着医学科学的不断发展和深入,医学工作者越来越明显地感到,在很多情况下,人的生、老、病、死问题并不是仅仅用医学手段就能解决的。此类例子举不胜举。例如,当今医学难题之一的癌症,在其综合病因中,化学因素和遗传因素是很重要的因素。化学因素显然与工业化程度有关,而一个国家或地区工业化的进程不会依医学的意志而停滞。遗传因素则与社会上的婚配关系、传统习俗等有关,当然也不排除个体差异及突变因素,这些亦非医学所能轻易干预的。又如,目前最引起西方特别是美国关注的艾滋病,除了有它的医学问题亟需解决外,看来也与60年代以来鼓吹的性解放运动密切相关。现在已有确凿的科学证据表明,性关系的混乱是引起美国艾滋病泛滥的重要社会根源。美国的大小报纸每天都有有关艾滋病的讨论,其中更多的是涉及社会学方面的讨论,看
First, the question raised Mention of medicine, usually people will always be associated with the disease. The concept of “medical treatment” prevails. In a sense, this concept is not bad, but not very comprehensive. In fact, the direct link between medicine and life, old age, sickness and death is only the first level of medicine and the forefront of medicine. However, with the continuous development and deepening of medical science, medical workers have become more and more obviously aware that in many cases, the issue of human health, old age, illness and death can not be solved by medical means alone. Such examples are endless. For example, cancer, one of today's medical problems, is a very important factor in its overall etiology, chemical and genetic factors. Chemical factors are clearly related to the degree of industrialization, and the process of industrialization in a country or region will not be stagnant according to the will of medicine. Genetic factors are related to the marriage relationship in the community, traditional practices and so on, of course, does not rule out individual differences and mutation factors, these are not medical interventions. Another example is that the AIDS most aroused the attention of the West, especially the United States, in addition to the urgent need to solve its medical problems, seems to be closely linked with the advocacy of sexual liberation since the 1960s. There is now conclusive scientific evidence that the chaos of sexual relations is an important social source of AIDS in the United States. Everyday newspapers in the United States have discussions about AIDS. More often, they talk about sociology,