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开发建设项目要占用一部分土地资源,改变土地利用现状。总体结果是我国耕地向北方转移,平原区被占用,山丘区生态环境差的土地被开垦利用。开发建设项目中水土工程、矿业开采、城镇建设等对水资源造成较大的改变或严重破坏,影响水资源的分配和利用。同时,破坏原有林地、草地资源,使其丧失利用价值,加剧水土流失及危害。由于开发建设项目对生态系统产生强烈影响,常常导致环境退化或恶化,系统自我调节失衡。只有完全掌握开发建设项目对生态环境产生的影响,才能够有针对性的采取从防御到治理的一系列措施。编制水土保持方案,保证项目的开发建设取得预想的社会和经济效益,而不会在水土保持方面带来不必要的负面影响,达到生态环境与经济发展“双赢”。
Development and construction projects to occupy part of the land resources, change the status of land use. The overall result is the transfer of arable land to the north of our country, the occupation of the plain area, and the land with poor ecological environment in the hill area being reclaimed for utilization. In the development and construction projects, soil and water engineering, mining, urban construction and other major changes or serious damage to water resources, affecting the distribution and utilization of water resources. At the same time, destroy the original woodland and grassland resources, causing them to lose their use value and exacerbate soil erosion and harm. As development and construction projects have a strong impact on ecosystems, they often lead to environmental degradation or deterioration and systemic self-regulation imbalances. Only by fully grasping the impact of the development and construction projects on the ecological environment can we take targeted measures from defense to governance. The preparation of soil and water conservation programs to ensure that the project development and construction to achieve the desired social and economic benefits, without the water and soil conservation will not bring unnecessary negative impact on ecological environment and economic development “win-win ”.