元认知(metacognition)由美国心理学家Flavell在1976年正式提出。至今人们对其基本含义、构成要素、与思维品质的关系以及如何应用于教学进行了广泛而深入的研究,取得了一定成果。但是以往研究也存在一些问题,如实验性的研究较少、对元认知体验研究不足,对元认知在教育教学中的应用研究还不够等。 Metacognition was officially proposed by American psychologist Flavell in 1976. Up to now, people have made some extensive and in-depth research on its basic meaning, components, relationship with thinking quality and how to apply it to teaching. However, there are some problems in the past research, such as less experimental research, insufficient research on metacognitive experience and insufficient research on the application of metacognition in education and teaching.