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这篇文章的目的是要探讨一个对我的所有工作都曾很有重要性的问题。这个问题部分地源于思想史传统本身(好长时间我才明白,思想史传统和这问题的联系到底有多少)。下面我就试着重建这一问题史的几个方面。如果我正确地解决了这个问题,这将给20世纪的主要哲学课题带来启示。这还会特别缓和哲学家之间的紧张,缓和自然科学家和其他“实际的”思想家之间的紧张。我想先谈谈我是怎么注意上这个问题的。我最初是搞物理学的;但就是这样,我的兴趣的中心却仍然是哲学的,而非技术的。我努力想弄明白,人们怎么能证明他们有理由偏爱科学理论、宇宙学或自然哲学的某一确定体系,而不喜欢另外的一个体
The purpose of this article is to explore a question that has been of great importance to all of my work. This problem stems, in part, from the history of intellectual history itself (for a long time I understood how much the relationship between the history of intellectual history and the problem was). Below I try to rebuild several aspects of the history of the problem. If I correctly solve this problem, it will bring inspiration to the major philosophical topics of the 20th century. It will also in particular ease tensions between philosophers and ease tensions between natural scientists and other “real” thinkers. I would like to talk about how I pay attention to this issue. I was initially engaged in physics; but as such, the center of my interest was still philosophy, not technology. I try to figure out how one can prove that they have reason to prefer a certain system of scientific theory, cosmology, or natural philosophy, and not to the other one