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氟中毒发病机制复杂，具体机制尚无定论。环境中的有毒物质诱导表观遗传修饰改变对人类健康的影响是一个备受关注的新兴领域。近年来，研究者们发现，氟化物能诱导多种表观遗传调控的改变，并参与地方性氟中毒的发生发展。本文对目前在细胞培养、动物模型和人群研究中氟化物暴露与表现遗传修饰机制相关重要发现进行综述，重点从DNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰、非编码RNAs以及基因组印记等表观遗传调控模式探讨氟中毒发病机制，以期为地方性氟中毒的分子遗传学机制研究提供新的思考方向。“,”The pathogenesis of fluorosis is complicated, and the specific mechanism is still inconclusive. Alteration of epigenetic modification by environmental toxins for comprehending the effect on human health is an emerging new area of focus. Recently researchers have found that fluoride induces a number of epigenetic alterations and involved in the development of endemic fluorosis. In this review, we summarize current evidence that indicates the epigenetic modification mechanisms associated with fluoride exposure from cell culture, animal models and human studies. We particular focus on the epigenetic regulation patterns of DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification, non-coding RNAs and gene imprinting involved in the possible pathogenesis of fluorosis. This review provides a new perspective for the study of the molecular genetic mechanism of endemic fluorosis.