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研究表明,即使铁路出行是最具有成本效益的出行方式,许多出行者仍然会选择其他出行方式。这表明选择铁路出行方式存在一些与费用无关的阻碍因素。本文对有关这些阻碍因素重要性的文献进行了综述,这些研究主要来自英国,但也有一部分来自于其他国家。共确认了37种不同的阻碍因素,它们可以被划分为“刚性因素”、“柔性因素”与“互补性因素”。出行者通常不会只考虑其中的单一阻碍因素,而是将这些阻碍因素看成一个整体,由此使得对最重要阻碍因素的确认十分困难。很多情况下,对于某一出行者来说,所有存在的阻碍因素都需要在出行方式转移之前解决。在思考不同阻碍因素的相对重要性后,对克服它们并实现其他出行方式向铁路转移的最有效措施提出了建议。这涉及主要的交通政策,因为它能够为有限的可利用资金确定目标市场,从而影响出行行为并提高出行方式的可持续性。
Research shows that even though rail travel is the most cost-effective way to travel, many travelers still choose other modes of travel. This shows that there are some non-cost-related obstacles to choosing a railway mode of travel. This article provides an overview of the literature on the importance of these impediments, mainly from the United Kingdom but partly from other countries. A total of 37 different obstructive factors were identified, which can be divided into “rigid factors”, “flexible factors” and “complementary factors”. Travelers generally do not consider only one of the impediments, but instead view the impediments as a whole, thereby making it very difficult to identify the most significant impediments. In many cases, for any traveler, all existing obstacles need to be resolved before the travel mode is shifted. After thinking about the relative importance of different impediments, proposals were made to overcome them and to implement the most effective measure of transfer of other means of travel to the railroad. This involves a major traffic policy as it determines the target market for limited funds available to influence travel behavior and enhance the sustainability of travel modes.