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目的评估北京市城乡结合部居民心血管疾病危险因素流行状况及其与饮食习惯和体力活动的关系。方法2007年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法对20655名18～76岁北京市城乡结合部居民进行横断面调查,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查收集资料进行分析。结果北京市城乡结合部居民肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征的标化患病率分别为31.9%,6.1%,33.6%,30.3%和11.6%。嗜咸饮食增加高血压和代谢综合征患病风险,OR值分别为1.72(95%CI:1.29～2.03)和1.48(95%CI:1.16～1.77)。嗜甜饮食增加肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征患病风险,OR值分别为1.37(95%CI:1.14～1.67)、1.26(95%CI:1.09～1.51)和1.55(95%CI:1.20～1.84)。嗜油饮食分别增加肥胖和血脂异常风险,OR值为2.26(95%CI:1.61～2.69)和1.97(95%CI:1.48～2.24)。素食饮食和增加体力活动降低肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征的患病风险(P<0.05)。结论北京市城乡结合部居民具有较高的肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征患病率,健康饮食和体力活动可以降低上述心血管疾病危险因素的患病风险。
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and its relationship with eating habits and physical activity among residents living in urban-rural areas in Beijing. Methods In 2007, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to conduct cross-sectional survey on 20,655 residents aged 18-76 years in urban-rural areas in Beijing. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Results The standardized prevalence rates of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were 31.9%, 6.1%, 33.6%, 30.3% and 11.6% in Beijing urban-rural areas respectively. Halophobia increased the risk of developing hypertension and metabolic syndrome, with odds ratios of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.29 to 2.03) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.77), respectively. The sweet-tasting diet increased the risk of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome with odds ratios of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.14-1.67), 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09-1.51) and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.20-1.84) ). Oil-free diets increased the risk of obesity and dyslipidemia, respectively, with ORs of 2.26 (95% CI 1.61-2.69) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.48-2.24). Vegetarian diets and increased physical activity reduced the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (P <0.05). Conclusion Residents in the urban-rural area of Beijing have higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Healthy diet and physical activity can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.