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基于中国企业-员工匹配调查数据,实证检验了企业的劳动技能结构,即企业技能劳动力和非技能劳动力之比,与全要素生产率之间的因果效应。通过OLS回归和工具变量法实证检验,发现对于当前经济环境下的中国企业而言,优化劳动技能结构对于提高企业的全要素生产率水平有显著的正向效应。在目前技术创新水平较低的情况下,中国企业在注重提高国内技术效率的同时,也强调吸收与模仿国际的前沿技术,相对于非技能劳动力来说,技能劳动力的主要作用体现在对国际前沿技术的吸收和模仿。技能劳动力占比的提升有利于企业技术条件从现有最优生产前沿边界向外扩张,以此促进技术进步。建议建立企业技能劳动力数量与财税减免额度关联、针对专业技能员工形成长期发展计划等面向企业和员工双方的激励机制。
Based on the Chinese firm-employee matching survey data, the paper empirically tests the labor skill structure of enterprises, that is, the causal effect between the ratio of skilled workers and unskilled labor, and total factor productivity. Through the OLS regression and the empirical test of the instrumental variable method, it is found that for Chinese enterprises in the current economic environment, optimizing the structure of labor skills has a significant positive effect on improving the level of total factor productivity of enterprises. Under the current low level of technological innovation, Chinese enterprises, while paying attention to improving domestic technical efficiency, also emphasize the absorption and imitation of international cutting-edge technologies. Compared with unskilled labor forces, the main role of skilled labor force is reflected in the international frontier Absorption and imitation of technology. The improvement of the proportion of skilled workforce is conducive to the expansion of technological conditions of enterprises from the frontier of the optimal production frontier to promote technological progress. It is suggested that the number of skilled labor force be linked with the amount of tax reduction and exemption, and incentive mechanisms should be set up for both skilled employees and employees to form a long-term development plan for skilled workers.