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一、集装箱运输发展趋势 集装箱运输是近代运输方式的重大改革,将零散的货物装于规范的箱内进行运输,具有快捷安全综合经济效益好的优势。以箱为载体,使贷物在不同运输方式和不同的港站转换变得便捷,从而使全球的水、陆、空交通网络有机地联系在一起,实现全球范围的“门到门”运输。由于集装箱运输切合全球化经济的需要,因此,自60年代以来一经海运采用,即获得了迅速的发展,一直保持着旺盛的发展趋势。 1、世界和中国集装箱运输发展的趋势 世界集装箱运输自60年代在海运兴起以来,经历了初期迅速兴起与快速发展阶段。1980年前全球每年平均增加集装箱约300余万箱,当年全球箱量达到3651万TEU。80年代以来,集装箱运输处于快速增长阶段,早期年均增长箱量约500-700万TEU,近几年更达1400-2000万TEU,1995年达1.45亿TEU,15年间增长近3倍,年均增长率9.6％,近几年的年均增长率超过两位数,显示良好的增长势头。 (1)箱量迅速增加:世界集装箱量的增加有两个方面,一方
First, the development trend of container transport Container transport is a major reform of modern modes of transport, the fragmented cargo loaded in a standardized box for transport, with fast and safe integrated economic advantages. With the box as the carrier, the transportation of goods in different modes of transportation and different ports is facilitated, and the global water, land and air transport networks are organically connected to realize the worldwide door-to-door transportation. As container shipping meets the needs of a globalized economy, it has enjoyed rapid development since its introduction by sea in the 1960s and has maintained a vigorous development trend. 1. Trends in the Development of Container Transport in the World and in China Since the rise of seaborne shipping in the 1960s, container shipping in the world has undergone rapid initial growth and rapid development. By 1980, the global average annual increase of about 300 million containers of containers, when the global container volume reached 36.51 million TEU. Since the 1980s, container transport has been in a period of rapid growth with an average annual growth of about 5-7 million TEUs in the early years, 14-20 million TEUs in recent years, 145 million TEUs in 1995 and nearly three times the growth in 15 years, Average growth rate of 9.6% in recent years, the average annual growth rate of more than double digits, showing good growth momentum. (1) rapid increase in the number of containers: There are two aspects of increase in container volume in the world, one side