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[目的]了解上海市2010—2013年流行的甲3流感病毒血凝毒(HA)基因突变及其抗原变异情况与流感流行的关系。[方法]用实时荧光聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测2010—2013年因类流感症状(ILI)到流感哨点医院就诊的监测病例,分析甲3亚型流感病毒流行特征。鸡胚传代甲3亚型阳性标本,收获尿囊腔液用作提取病毒的RNA,进行逆转录聚合酶链扩增,扩增产物纯化后进行测序,用MegAlign软件对血凝素(HA)1区域氨基酸位点进行对比分析,用MEGA软件对HA基因进化树进行分析。[结果]2010—2013年间,上海市甲3亚型流感病毒为2010、2012、2013年主要流行株。流行特征具有明显的年度和季节特点,与全国一致。与2011年世界卫生组织推荐的疫苗株相比,上海市甲3亚型流感病毒HA1区域在2010年发生明显抗原改变,共发生35处氨基酸替代,其中23处位点改变较大,6个氨基酸位点涉及HA1的4个抗原决定簇。2011年后的毒株在进化树上也形成一个独立的分支。[结论]上海市2012年较大规模的甲3亚型流感病毒流行与病毒的抗原性漂移有关。
[Objective] To understand the relationship between influenza A (HA) gene mutation and antigenic variation of influenza A (HA) gene and its prevalence in Shanghai during 2010-2013. [Methods] Real-time PCR was used to detect the surveillance cases of influenza-like symptoms (ILI) from 2010 to 2013 in sentinelly sentinel hospitals and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (subtype 3) virus. Chick embryos were subcultured with subtype A 3 positive samples. The allantoic cavity fluid was harvested to extract the RNA of the virus and amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified products were sequenced. MegAlign software was used to detect the hemagglutinin (HA) 1 Region amino acid sites were compared, using MEGA software analysis of the HA gene phylogenetic tree. [Results] Influenza virus type A of Shanghai was the main epidemic strain in 2010, 2012 and 2013 from 2010 to 2013. Popular characteristics have obvious annual and seasonal characteristics, consistent with the country. Compared with the vaccine strains recommended by the World Health Organization in 2011, the HA1 region of Shanghai H3N1 influenza virus had obvious antigenic changes in 2010 with a total of 35 amino acid substitutions, of which 23 changed significantly and 6 amino acids The locus involved four antigenic determinants of HA1. The strains after 2011 also form an independent branch in the evolutionary tree. [Conclusion] The prevalence of influenza A virus of larger scale in Shanghai in 2012 is related to the antigenic drift of virus.