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目的了解北京市丰台区高中生主要健康危险行为的流行现状及各种危险行为的相关性,为制定学生健康危险行为的干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2014年在丰台区抽取7所高中的1 246名学生,采用《北京市青少年健康危险行为调查问卷》开展调查。采用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析,包括χ~2检验和Spearman相关分析。结果 2014年丰台区高中生主要健康危险行为发生率如下:偏食和缺乏运动分别为46.5%、44.9%,赌博、看色情书籍和音像制品分别为20.0%、19.7%,电子游戏成瘾和网络成瘾分别为18.9%、19.6%,打架、抑郁、严重伤害分别为18.4%、16.5%、16.3%,吸烟及重度饮酒分别为13.8%、15.5%。男生、职业中学学生、高二年级学生、单亲家庭学生各种健康危险行为发生率较高。抑郁、打架、严重伤害、吸烟、重度饮酒、电子游戏成瘾、网络成瘾、赌博、看色情书籍和音像制品这9种健康危险行为相互具有正相关关系。结论 2014年丰台区高中生主要健康危险行为发生率较2012年有所下降但仍处于较高水平。男生、职业中学学生、高二年级学生以及单亲家庭学生是该区高中生健康危险行为的重点干预对象。高中生存在多种健康危险行为伴随发生的现象,因此要对高中生多种具有相关性的健康危险行为同时进行干预以达到更好的效果。
Objective To understand the prevalence of major health risk behaviors among high school students in Fengtai District of Beijing and their correlations with various risk behaviors so as to provide a scientific basis for making intervention strategies for students’ health risk behaviors. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect 1 246 students from 7 high schools in Fengtai District in 2014 and to conduct a survey using the “Beijing Municipality Youth Health Danger Behavior Questionnaire”. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis, including χ ~ 2 test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results The prevalence of major health risk behaviors of high school students in Fengtai District in 2014 was as follows: partial eclipse and lack of exercise accounted for 46.5% and 44.9% respectively; gambling, pornographic books and audio-visual products accounted for 20.0% and 19.7% respectively; 18.9%, 19.6%, 18.4%, 16.5%, 16.3% were fighting, depression and serious injury respectively, while smoking and severe alcohol consumption were 13.8% and 15.5% respectively. Male students, occupational high school students, sophomores, single-parent families have a higher incidence of various health risk behaviors. Nine health risk behaviors, such as depression, fighting, serious injury, smoking, heavy drinking, video game addiction, internet addiction, gambling, pornography and audiovisual products, were positively correlated with each other. Conclusions The incidence of major health risk behaviors of high school students in Fengtai District in 2014 was lower than that of 2012, but still at a relatively high level. Boys, vocational school students, sophomores and single-parent families are the key interventions for health risk behaviors among high school students in the district. High school students are accompanied by a variety of health risk behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to intervene in a number of related health risk behaviors among high school students in order to achieve better results.