视神经损伤后,所处的微环境发生了较大改变,如何通过基因治疗的手段调整这些变化,使其更好地发挥对损伤视神经的保护作用是近期研究的热点。视神经及视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)与相关的视觉通路作为一种成熟的中枢神经系统研究模型,其研究结果对中枢神经系统疾病的治疗有积极的意义。拟从视神经损伤后RGCs死亡的特点、所处微环境的改变、基因治疗工具及治疗损伤常见的基因干预等方面进行综述。 After optic nerve injury, the microenvironment in which great changes have taken place. How to adjust these changes by means of gene therapy and make it play a better role in protecting optic nerve damage is a recent research hotspot. Optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and related visual pathways as a mature central nervous system research model, the findings of the treatment of central nervous system diseases have a positive meaning. It is proposed that the characteristics of RGCs death after optic nerve injury, the microenvironment in which they are located, the gene therapy tools and gene interventions commonly used in the treatment of injury are reviewed.