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本文着重分析俄语中由表人名词或人称代词构成的间接格形式的主观情态意义。在俄罗斯语言学界,对这些间接格的语义并没有统一的认识,使用的术语也不尽相同。如Н.Ю.Шведова把它们称为全句限定语,Г.А.Золо-това把它们称为信源主体,Н.Д.Арутюнова把它们称为感知主体等。本文重点分析三种间接格形式:для+名词二格形式,у+名词二格形式,不带前置词的三格形式。分析表明,这些间接格形式在句中不仅可以充当态式主体、动作主体、状态主体、特征载体、拥有主体、情感主体等,还可以用作意见主体和言语主体。有时,在孤立使用的句子中,同一种间接格形式,可以有两种理解。弄清这个问题,对学习俄语的中国人来说,不仅对理解俄语名词格的意义,而且对把它们正确翻译成汉语,十分必要。
This article focuses on the subjective modal meaning of indirect forms of Russian nouns or personal pronouns. In Russian linguistics, there is no uniform understanding of the semantics of these indirect lattices, and the terminology used varies. For example, Н.Ю.Шведова calls them all-sentence qualifiers, Г.А.Золо-това calls them source subjects, and Н.Д.Арутюнова calls them perceptive subjects. This article focuses on the analysis of three indirect forms: для + noun form, у + noun form, without three forms of prepositions. The analysis shows that these indirect forms can be used not only as the state subject, the action subject, the state subject, the characteristic carrier, the possessor body and the emotional subject, but also as the subject of opinion and the speech body. Sometimes, in isolated sentences, the same form of indirection can have two kinds of comprehension. To understand this problem is very necessary for Chinese who learn Russian not only to understand the meaning of Russian nouns but also to correctly translate them into Chinese.