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目的:研究儿童铅中毒的影响因素,为预防儿童铅中毒的发生提供依据。方法:采用1∶1病例对照方法对门诊158例铅中毒儿童及158例正常儿童进行问卷调查,采用Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果:多因素分析结果显示不良行为习惯如手口行为、啃咬指甲、玩具等(B=-1.712,P<0.01),家居环境不良如公路边、工厂、小吃店附件等(B=-1.311,P<0.01),父母职业:父母从事电池厂、汽车维修、化工、餐饮等(B=-0.797,P<0.01),是儿童铅中毒的危险因素。结论:儿童铅中毒的预防需在保持儿童正常良好个人生活行为习惯,远离不良的生活环境,培养父母良好个人卫生习惯及铅中毒防治知识等方面重点开展健康教育工作。
Objective: To study the influencing factors of lead poisoning in children and provide the basis for preventing the occurrence of lead poisoning in children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 158 cases of lead poisoning and 158 cases of normal children in a clinic with a 1: 1 case-control method. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze multivariate analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that bad habits such as hand behavior, biting fingernails, toys and so on (B = -1.712, P <0.01), poor home environment such as roadside, factories, snack bars and other accessories (B = -1.311, P <0.01). Parents’ occupation: Parents engaged in battery factory, vehicle maintenance, chemical industry, food and beverage (B = -0.797, P <0.01) were the risk factors of lead poisoning in children. Conclusion: The prevention of lead poisoning in children needs to focus on health education in maintaining normal and good personal habits of children, keeping away from unhealthy living environment, developing good personal hygiene habits of parents and preventing and treating lead poisoning.