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马克思东方观的核心是“亚细亚生产方式”概念,这集西方思想界对东方社会认识之大成,但不乏争议。可以借助马克思对东方社会的普遍看法来考察传统中国政制和法律的特质,并进而引导当下社会转型。马克思认为,亚细亚型法权具有自己独特的规定性,是东方专制主义的真正基础。古代中国的法律特质和民众心理意识也深受亚细亚生产方式影响,其消极影响延续至今。马克思对传统中国的省思和对未来出路的思考昭示,需要从自给自足的自然经济走向市场经济,从私权泯灭走向权利意识,从国家社会一体化走向市民社会,从专制人治转向司法公正,从奴化心理走向公民人格,从社会停滞走向改革开放,并在借鉴世界文明的基础上走中国特色之路。
The core of Marx’s Oriental view is the concept of “Asian mode of production.” This sets the culmination of Western ideological understanding of the Eastern society, but there is no shortage of controversies. With the help of Marx’s universal view of the eastern society, we can examine the traits of the traditional Chinese constitutional system and law and then guide the current social transformation. According to Marx, the sub-subordinate legal authority has its own unique stipulation and is the real foundation of the eastern despotism. The legal traits and popular psychological awareness of ancient China were also deeply influenced by the mode of Asian production, with the negative impact continuing to this day. Marx’s reflection on traditional China’s meditation and its way out to the future shows that it is necessary to move from a self-sufficient natural economy to a market economy, a collapse from private ownership to a sense of right, from national social integration to civil society, from autocracy to judicial justice, From enslaving psychology to citizen personality, from social stagnation to reform and opening up, and taking the path of Chinese characteristics on the basis of drawing lessons from world civilization.