人类学家们以种类繁多的方法来解释和考虑“文明”概念。多数18、19世纪的社会哲学家以及20世纪的某些人类学家把文明看作是一个更高的道德秩序,其他的一些人类学家则遵循卢梭,马克思,恩格斯和摩尔根的传统,论证文明是我们不满的根源。 Anthropologists interpret and consider the concept of “civilization” in a wide variety of ways. Most 18th and 19th century social philosophers and some anthropologists in the 20th century saw civilization as a higher moral order. Others, in accordance with the traditions of Rousseau, Marx, Engels and Morgan, argue that Civilization is the root cause of our dissatisfaction.