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目的了解深圳市龙岗区手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学与病原学特征,为手足口病的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对龙岗区某社区手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学资料进行统计分析,采集手足口病患儿发病3日内、疫点周围健康人群及密切接触者、疫区3岁以下易感儿童的粪便、肛拭子或疱疹液标本以及外环境涂抹棉拭子标本,采取实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法进行EV71和CoxA16核酸检测。结果流行期6月30日—7月27日,持续28 d。发病以4岁以下儿童为主,占88.46%;男性多于女性,男女性别比1.36∶1;职业以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占73.08%和19.23%。病原学检测结果显示,手足口病患儿标本EV71病毒核酸阳性率为87.50%(7/8)。2名死亡病例及其中1名死亡病例的密切接触者均检出EV71病毒核酸阳性。疫点周围健康人群及密切接触者EV71病毒核酸阳性率为4.17%(1/24)。外环境标本EV71病毒核酸阳性率为零(0/25)。疫区3岁以下易感儿童EV71病毒核酸阳性率1.92%(12/262)。结论该起手足口病暴发疫情病原体为EV71病毒引起。手足口病暴发流行已经成为我国南方城市重要的公共卫生问题。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD outbreak in Longgang District of Shenzhen City and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies of HFMD. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of HFMD outbreaks in a community in Longgang District. The epidemic situation of HFMD children aged 3 years The swabs, anal swabs or herpes samples from the following susceptible children and the swab samples from the outer environment were applied to detect the EV71 and CoxA16 nucleic acids by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The prevalence of June 30 -7 27, for 28 days. Incidence of children under 4 years of age, accounting for 88.46%; more men than women, male to female ratio of 1.36: 1; occupation to scattered children and nurseries, accounting for 73.08% and 19.23%. The etiological test results showed that the positive rate of EV71 virus in children with hand-foot-mouth disease was 87.50% (7/8). EV71 virus nucleic acid was detected in two deaths and one in close contact with the deaths. The positive rate of EV71 virus was 4.17% (1/24) in healthy people and in close contact with the epidemic area. The positive rate of EV71 virus in environmental samples was zero (0/25). The positive rate of EV71 virus in susceptible children under the age of 3 was 1.92% (12/262). Conclusion The onset of HFMD is caused by EV71 virus. Hand-foot-mouth disease outbreak has become an important public health problem in southern cities of our country.