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为了探究不同体质人体对冷环境的生理和心理热反应,开展了耐寒与非耐寒受试者热反应稳态实验研究。分析了不同体质受试者的皮肤温度、热流、心率、心率变异性、热感觉和热舒适投票随环境温度的变化。结果发现:无论是在生理还是心理上,非耐寒与耐寒受试者存在一定的差异性。非耐寒受试者皮肤温度、心率高于耐寒受试者,而热流低于耐寒受试者;在相同的低温环境下,非耐寒受试者比耐寒受试者感觉更冷,更不舒适。由此推出,在稳态环境中,皮肤温度、热流、热感觉和热舒适投票等可以作为区分耐寒和非耐寒体质的指标,但是心率有待进一步验证。此外,心率变异性随环境温度变化规律不明显,个体差异对其影响大于环境温度的影响。
In order to explore the physiological and psychological thermal response to cold environment in different physical bodies, a steady-state experimental study on the thermal response of cold-resistant and non-cold-tolerant subjects was carried out. The changes of skin temperature, heat flux, heart rate, heart rate variability, thermal sensation and thermal comfort vote with ambient temperature were analyzed for different body constitutional subjects. The results showed that: no matter in physiological or psychological, non-cold and cold subjects there is a certain difference. Non-cold subjects had higher skin temperature and heart rate than those of cold-tolerant subjects, while heat flow was lower than cold-tolerant subjects; non-cold subjects felt colder and less comfortable than cold-tolerant subjects under the same low-temperature environment. As a result, skin temperature, heat flow, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort voting can be used as indicators of cold and non-cold tolerance in steady-state environments, but heart rate needs to be further verified. In addition, the variation of heart rate variability with the ambient temperature is not obvious, the impact of individual differences greater than the impact of ambient temperature.