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目的 建立一种简便易行的乙型肝炎病毒基因型分型方法（只需 ＰＣＲ）。方法 对 ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中查获的１１４例ＨＢＶ全序列进行比较分析，找出每种基因型相对于其他５种基因型的独特序列，并根据这些独特序列设计出６对分别针对Ａ－Ｆ基因型的特异引物。用这６对引物分别对标本进行ＰＣＲ，根据阳性结果判断出标本的基因型。进一步简化该方法，用多引物对ＰＣＲ法（ＰＣＲ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ ｐｒｉｍｅｒ ｓｅｔｓ ｉｎ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｔｕｂｅ，Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｘ ＰＣＲ）将Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ ３种基因型的特异引物混台进行ＰＣＲ，根据扩增片断的大小判断基因型。用此方祛对已鉴定的Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ型标本进行比较和验证。结果 单引物对ＰＣＲ与多引物对ＰＣＲ的分型结果一致，且与以前用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法的分型结果一致。结论 用多引物对ＰＣＲ分型法准确易行，灵敏性高，便于推广应用。
Objective To establish a simple and convenient typing method of hepatitis B virus genotype (only PCR). Methods A total of 114 HBV isolates were detected in GenBank. The unique sequences of each HBV genotype were compared with those of the other 5 genotypes. Based on these unique sequences, 6 pairs of genotypes with specific A-F genotypes were designed Primer. The six pairs of primers were used to perform PCR on the specimens, and the genotypes of the specimens were determined based on the positive results. The method was further simplified, and specific primers of B, C and D genotypes were mixed by PCR with several primer sets in a single tube (PCR). According to the size of the amplified fragment genotype. Use this side cured cured B, C, D specimens have been compared and verified. Results The results of single-primer PCR and multi-primer PCR were consistent with the results of PCR-RFLP. Conclusion The multi-primer PCR method is accurate, sensitive and easy to popularize.