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针对三维空间交会对接中的异面非圆轨道转移规划问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法(PSO)的多脉冲异面交会对接能量最优的转移轨道优化算法。该算法以二体动力学方程及脉冲变轨理论构造空间多脉冲异面交会对接优化模型;通过引入Lambert算法处理终端约束条件,减少未知变量的个数从而简化问题。然后,将追踪飞行器变轨过程中脉冲的作用时刻、方向、大小设计成待优化变量,以交会对接过程中消耗能量、终端约束条件等为目标函数,基于PSO优化了最省燃料转移轨道。在MATLAB中对四脉冲交会对接问题进行了仿真测试,并与相同初始条件下,采用Lambert算法的双脉冲交会对接仿真结果进行了对比。结果显示:在本文所给算例条件下,采用PSO优化的四脉冲交会对接过程所需速度增量为4.4243km/s,而采用Lambert算法的双脉冲对接过程所需速度增量为11.2691km/s,前者节省了60%的能量。数据表明,设计方案有效节省了燃料消耗,从而证明了设计方法的有效性。
Aiming at the problem of non-circular orbit transfer planning in three-dimensional rendezvous and docking, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) -based transfer orbit optimization algorithm with multi-pulse heterogeneous rendezvous and docking is proposed. The algorithm uses two-body dynamic equation and pulse-orbit theory to construct the space multi-pulse heterogeneous rendezvous and docking optimization model. By introducing Lambert algorithm to handle terminal constraints and reduce the number of unknown variables, the algorithm simplifies the problem. Then, the time, direction and size of the impulse of the tracked aircraft are designed as the variables to be optimized, and the energy consumption and terminal constraints in the process of rendezvous and docking as the objective function, the most fuel-efficient transfer trajectory is optimized based on PSO. The simulation of the four-pulse rendezvous and docking was carried out in MATLAB, and compared with the two-pulse rendezvous and docking simulations using Lambert algorithm under the same initial conditions. The results show that the velocity increment required by the PSO-optimized four-pulse rendezvous and docking process is 4.4243km / s, while the speed increment required by the two-pulse docking process using Lambert algorithm is 11.2691km / s, the former saves 60% of the energy. The data show that the design saves fuel effectively, thus proving the effectiveness of the design method.