锅炉和换热器都是能源转换设备,其节能措施包括直接与间接两个方面,亦即表现在设备的设计、安装、运行管理等各个环节上。本文着重在设备技术改造的节能方面进行分析,现分电站锅炉、工业锅炉和换热器三方面进行阐述。电站锅炉我国电站锅炉多采用反应表面积较大的煤粉作燃料、以高温热空气(250～400℃)为助燃剂进行燃烧,燃烧效率一般较高,机械和化学不完全燃烧热损失较小,锅炉热效率一般在88～92%之间,主要热损失是排烟热损失q_2,大约为5～8%,因此电站锅炉,一般来说,直接节能的主要着眼点是放在减少排烟热损失方面,但由于空气预热器低温堵灰和腐蚀问题未能解决,锅炉排烟温度不宜下降得太低,否则不仅会使低温空气预热器的低温(硫酸)腐蚀和堵灰加剧,而且,由于传热温差小,为进一步降低排烟温度所需换热面的金属耗量相 Boilers and heat exchangers are energy conversion equipment, the energy-saving measures include direct and indirect aspects, that is, performance in equipment design, installation, operation and management of all aspects. This article focuses on the energy-saving aspects of technological transformation of equipment analysis, are sub-station boilers, industrial boilers and heat exchangers described in three areas. Power plant boilers In our country, power plant boilers mostly use pulverized coal with large reaction surface area as fuel and burn at high temperature and hot air (250-400 ℃) as combustion improver. The combustion efficiency is generally high, the heat loss from incomplete mechanical and chemical combustion is small, Boiler thermal efficiency is generally between 88 ~ 92%, the main heat loss is exhaust heat loss q_2, about 5 ~ 8%, so power plant boilers, in general, the main focus of direct energy saving is to reduce emissions heat loss However, due to low temperature air preheater ash clogging and corrosion problems can not be solved, the boiler exhaust temperature should not drop too low, otherwise not only low temperature air preheater (sulfuric acid) corrosion and ash plugging aggravate, and, As the heat transfer temperature is small, in order to further reduce the exhaust heat required for the metal surface heat exchange phase