“小额信贷”（Ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｎａｎｃｅ）是指专向低收入阶层提供小额度的持续的信贷服务活动。经过２０多年的实践，特别是近１０年有意义的发展，小额信贷已经出现从世界的某些区域扩展到几乎覆盖整个发展中世界和不少发达国家，从试点、效仿试点发展到建立在适应本地条件和需求基础上的不同规模和深度进行推广的趋势。尽管如此，规范和成功的小额信贷的历史还不长，在国际社会尚是一件新生事物，面临着各种各样的风险和挑战。在我国，小额信贷的生命力已经初步显现，不同类型的小额信贷项目也面临着各自的问题。 近日，记者就农村小额信贷的有关问题采访了社会科学院贫困问题研究中心副主任、农村发展研究所副所长、研究员杜晓山（以下简称“杜”）。他专门从事农村发展、扶贫和小额信贷的研究，出版有《农村小额信贷：扶贫攻坚成功之路》等著作，下面是这次采访的部分内容。 Microfinance refers to ongoing credit service activities that provide small amounts to low-income groups. After more than 20 years of practice, especially in the recent 10 years of meaningful development, microfinance has emerged from some regions of the world to nearly all the developing world and many developed countries. From pilot projects and pilot projects to the establishment of Adapt to local conditions and needs of different sizes and depth of the promotion of the trend. In spite of this, the history of normative and successful microcredit has not been long and it is still a new thing in the international community. It faces a variety of risks and challenges. In our country, the vitality of microfinance has been initially shown, and different types of microfinance projects also face their own problems. Recently, the reporter interviewed Du Xiao Shan, deputy director and researcher of Rural Development Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as “Du”) about the issue of rural microfinance. He specializes in rural development, poverty alleviation and microcredit research. He has published “Rural Microfinance: The Road to Success in Poverty Alleviation” and others. The following is part of the interview.