50年代以前,真空管曾风靡一时,独霸一方,对初期的电子技术的发展,起了积极的作用。自1948年晶体管发明以及1959年集成电路问世后,真空管受到了冷落。此后几乎所有的电子产品,小至收音机,大到电子计算机和通信设备,几乎都被晶体管和集成电路所取代。随着电子技术的发展,特别是巨型计算机的开发,要求提供质量上乘、速度更快的电子器件,可是现在的硅器件已满足不了要求,虽然现在又 Before the 1950s, the vacuum tubes had been rampant for a while, and they played a positive role in the development of the initial electronic technology. Since the invention of transistors in 1948 and the introduction of integrated circuits in 1959, the vacuum tubes have been left out. Since then, almost all electronic products, from radios to computers and communications equipment, have been replaced by transistors and integrated circuits. With the development of electronic technology, especially the development of supercomputers, it is required to provide high-quality, faster electronic devices. However, the current silicon devices cannot meet the requirements, although now