19世纪中叶的两次鸦片战争,使中国人在战火硝烟中看到了西方列强坚船利炮的厉害,清王朝统治阶级中一部分通权达变之士,认识到外国的“利器”对自强有益,于是大量购进西方机器设备,开办了中国首批近代军用工业。后来渐次推及民用新式工矿企业和交通运输企业。从而形成历史上所谓的“洋务运动”。当时办洋务数量最多、时间最长的莫 During the two Opium Wars in the mid-19th century, the Chinese people saw the strongholds and cannons of the western powers in the flames of war. Some of the ruling parties in the Qing dynasty had changed their powers and realized that the foreign “weapon” Self-improvement, so a large number of purchases of Western machinery and equipment, opened China’s first batch of modern military industry. Later, it gradually introduced civilian new industrial and mining enterprises and transport enterprises. Thus forming the so-called “Westernization Movement” in history. At that time to do the largest number of foreign affairs, the longest time mo