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交通流是反映城市间社会经济联系的重要表征,被广泛应用于城市网络研究中。基于2010年中国城际铁路与航空客流OD数据,本文从城市节点、流量、子网络视角对中国城市网络的结构特征与组织模式进行了比较研究,发现:(1)铁路与航空流视角下的中国城市网络均呈现出以北上广为顶层节点的空间等级结构体系,但除顶层结构外两种网络结构差异较大。(2)城市网络体系中的铁路流联系表现出空间邻近性特征,而航空流联系则主要受到城市节点的规模大小与职能属性的影响。(3)铁路流的首位联系受省级行政区划的制约,航空流的首位联系空间跨度大,形成了若干具有垂直层间联系的地域子系统。(4)铁路网络拥有具有显著地域特征的7个子网络,而航空网络中则不存在明显的子网络。技术经济特征与管理体制是造成铁路与航空两种网络特征差异的主要原因。
Traffic flow is an important representation of social and economic relations between cities and is widely used in urban network research. Based on the OD data of China’s inter-city railways and air passenger flows in 2010, this paper compares the structural features and organizational patterns of urban networks in China from the perspective of urban nodes, traffic and sub-networks. The findings are as follows: (1) China’s urban network has shown a spatial hierarchy structure that is broadly top-level nodes to the north, but the two network structures differ greatly except for the top-level structure. (2) The railway flow connection in urban network system shows spatial proximity characteristics, while the aviation flow linkages are mainly affected by the size and functional attributes of urban nodes. (3) The first contact of railway flow is restricted by the provincial administrative divisions. The first contact space of aviation flows has a large span, forming a number of regional subsystems with vertical inter-layer links. (4) The railway network has 7 sub-networks with significant geographical features, while there are no obvious sub-networks in the aviation network. Technical and economic characteristics and management system are the main reasons for the differences in characteristics between the two networks of railways and airlines.