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1.概况铁路具有明显的技术经济优点,如运输规律性,速度快,成本低,已成为苏联的主要交通工具,到1985年止,苏联铁路总长为145,300公里,货物周转量为37,188亿吨公里,旅客运输为3,740亿人公里,其中60%以上货运量由电力牵引承担。铁路运营效率高,又能充分利用车辆和其他技术装备,因而经济效益显著,1985年铁路总收入为45,188亿卢布。
1. Overview The railway has obvious technical and economic advantages. For example, the regularity of transportation, speed and low cost have become the main means of transportation in the Soviet Union. By 1985, the total length of the Soviet railway was 145,300 kilometers and the volume of cargo traffic was 3,718.8 billion tons of kilometers. Passenger transport is 374 billion person-kilometers, of which more than 60% of the freight volume is borne by electric traction. The high economic efficiency of railways, as well as their ability to make full use of vehicles and other technical equipment, led to significant economic benefits. In 1985, the total railway revenue was 4,518.8 billion rubles.