近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长,环境铅污染问题日益突出,如何诊断和预防儿童铅中毒是临床工作者面临的艰巨任务。本文从儿童铅中毒诊断标准的变迁、铅对儿童神经系统发育的损害、血铅筛查、确定铅污染源及防治对策进行了阐述,对于儿童铅中毒的防治工作有一定的指导意义。 In recent years, with the rapid economic growth in our country, the problem of environmental lead pollution has become increasingly prominent. How to diagnose and prevent childhood lead poisoning is an arduous task faced by clinicians. This article from the diagnosis of childhood lead poisoning changes in lead, the development of children’s nervous system damage, blood lead screening, to determine the source of lead pollution and prevention and treatment are described, for children lead poisoning prevention and control of a certain degree of guiding significance.