能源补贴常被作为维护社会稳定的重要手段,在发展中国家尤其如此。进入21世纪,随着能源价格提高,能源补贴的成本也水涨船高。国际货币基金组织报告显示,预计2015年全球能源补贴成本(即消费者支付的能源价格与其“真实成本”之差额)达5.3万亿美元,占全球GDP的6.5%,甚至超过医疗和教育支出。按绝对值计算,补贴最 Energy subsidies are often used as an important means of maintaining social stability, especially in developing countries. Into the 21st century, with the increase in energy prices, the cost of energy subsidies have gone up. The International Monetary Fund reports that the global cost of energy subsidy (the difference between consumer price paid for energy and its “true cost”) is estimated to reach 5.3 trillion U.S. dollars in 2015, accounting for 6.5% of global GDP, exceeding even medical and education expenditure. In absolute terms, subsidies most