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目的：探讨肥大细胞在肠型放射病中的作用．方法：应用免疫组化、组织化学和常规组织染色方法，观察受辐照小鼠小肠壁肥大细胞、一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）阳性成分、组织结构及其变化．结果：受照后随着存活时间从２４ｈ，４８ｈ至７２ｈ的延长，小鼠出现进行性加重的肠管扩张、肠壁充血水肿和组织损伤坏死，肥大细胞出现脱颗粒、含着染颗粒的肥大细胞数目呈进行性下降，并伴随着肠壁ＮＯＳ活性或数量的增加．给予特异性ＮＯＳ抑制剂后，肥大细胞脱颗粒受到抑制，肠壁的病理改变明显减轻．结论：肠壁肥大细胞通过释放其胞浆颗粒活性物质参与肠型放射病病理过程；一氧化氮可能调节肥大细胞颗粒的释放；肥大细胞释放的活性物质如单胺和神经肽（如ＶＩＰ），可能是肠道放射病病理过程如肠壁充血、肠腔扩张和粘膜上皮组织变性坏死等的重要因素
Objective: To investigate the role of mast cells in enteropathy. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, histochemistry and routine histological staining were used to observe the changes of the intestinal mucosal mast cells and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive components in the irradiated small intestine wall. Results: With the prolongation of survival time from 24h to 48h to 72h after irradiation, the mice developed progressive dilatation of the intestine, congestion and edema of the intestine wall, tissue necrosis and necrosis, degranulation of mast cells and staining of granulosa cells The number decreased progressively with an increase in the activity or amount of NOS in the intestinal wall. Given a specific inhibitor of NOS, mast cell degranulation was inhibited, the pathological changes of the intestinal wall significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal mast cells participate in the pathological process of enteropathy by releasing their cytosolic granules; nitric oxide may regulate the release of mast cell granules; the active substances released by mast cells such as monoamine and neuropeptide (eg, VIP) may Is an important factor in the pathological process of gut radioactive diseases such as intestinal congestion, intestinal dilatation and mucosal epithelial tissue degeneration and necrosis