为了提高竹纤维的反应活性,分别用碱液和超声波协同碱活化处理竹纤维。通过X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)研究了活化处理前后竹纤维的结构与热性能。通过竹纤维与高碘酸钠反应所得氧化竹纤维的醛基质量分数来分析活化处理对竹纤维反应活性的影响。结果表明:碱处理和超声波协同碱处理可降低竹纤维的结晶度和热稳定性,提高竹纤维的反应活性。 In order to improve the reactivity of bamboo fiber, bamboo fiber was treated with alkaline solution and ultrasonic wave respectively. The structure and thermal properties of bamboo fiber before and after activation treatment were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of activation treatment on the reactivity of bamboo fiber was analyzed by aldehyde mass fraction of oxidized bamboo fiber reacted with sodium periodate and bamboo fiber. The results showed that alkali treatment and ultrasonic synergistic alkali treatment can reduce the crystallinity and thermal stability of bamboo fiber and improve the reactivity of bamboo fiber.