一、引言久所周知,尽管精子对男性是一个自身抗原,但男性生殖道内有一组屏障将精子与男性免疫系统相隔,在正常情况下并不发生自身免疫反应。对女性来说精子是一个同种异体抗原,但在一系列免疫保护机制作用下,女性生殖道也不对精子发动免疫攻击。在这一系列防御、保护机制中包括了近年来发现的人类精液中的免疫抑制物质。已有研究结果素明,精浆中的免疫抑制物质随精子一起进入雌体生殖道,对抑制局部与全身免疫应答起了重要作用,由此避免女性发生过敏反应或使受精卵免受排斥。其次,在男性也极少出现自身免疫现象[1,38]。但另一方面,也正是由于这些免疫抑制物质的存在,促进了某些疾病的感染和传播。精浆中的免疫抑制物质的抑制作用是多 I. INTRODUCTION As we all know, although sperm is a self-antigen for men, there is a set of barriers in the male reproductive tract that separates the sperm from the male immune system and does not normally develop an autoimmune response. Sperm is an alloantigen for women, but the female reproductive tract does not attack the sperm by a series of immune protection mechanisms. In this series of defense and protection mechanisms, immunosuppressive substances in human semen that have been discovered in recent years are included. It has been shown that the immunosuppressive substances in the seminal plasma enter the female reproductive tract together with the spermatozoa and play an important role in inhibiting the local and systemic immune response, thereby avoiding the occurrence of allergic reactions in women or exclusion of fertilized eggs. Second, autoimmune phenomena rarely occur in males [1,38]. But on the other hand, it is also because of the existence of these immunosuppressive substances, which promote the transmission and transmission of certain diseases. The inhibitory effect of immunosuppressive substances in seminal plasma is more