为了使车辆具有足够的强度 ,保证铁路运输安全 ,工程技术人员在产品设计时通常要进行强度计算 ,对样车进行静强度试验 ,并根据计算及试验结果修改和优化设计。尽管如此 ,车辆投入运用后 ,仍然难免存在强度不足的问题 ,致使检修工厂不断进行加装改造 ,以确保铁路运输安全。1　车 In order to make the vehicle have enough strength and ensure the safety of railway transportation, engineers and technicians usually need to calculate the strength in the product design, static strength test on the prototype and modify and optimize the design according to the calculation and test results. However, after the vehicles are put into operation, the problem of insufficient strength is still inevitable. As a result, maintenance workshops are continuously retrofitted to ensure the safety of railway transportation. 1 car