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我国的地面沉降现象非常普遍,尤其是天津地区十分严重,已经对人们的生活和生产带来了极其严重的影响。为此,深入分析地面沉降的原理和成因,并以此建立合理完善的控制地面沉降的防灾减灾措施已成为迫切需要解决的问题。其中对地面沉降进行科学而及时的监测异常重要。通过从理论上探讨正高、正常高与大地高以及地面沉降量的关系,证明了由GPS和精密水准测量所获得的地面沉降量在理论上的一致性。并将此静态差分GPS测量技术应用于天津市地面沉降的实践中,通过对GPS测量结果与一等水准测量结果的对比分析,从精度和一致性角度论证了采用差分GPS静态测量方法可以进行大范围的地面沉降监测。此表明在一定范围内,静态差分GPS测量技术取代二等水准测量是可以实现的。
The phenomenon of land subsidence in our country is very common. Especially in Tianjin, the situation is very serious and it has brought extremely serious impact on people’s life and production. Therefore, in-depth analysis of the principles and causes of land subsidence and the establishment of a reasonable and complete disaster prevention and mitigation measures to control land subsidence have become urgent problems to be solved. Among them, it is very important to conduct scientific and timely monitoring of land subsidence. By theoretically exploring the relationship between positive height, normal height, ground heights and ground subsidence, it is proved that the ground subsidence obtained by GPS and precision leveling is theoretically consistent. And this static differential GPS measurement technology is applied to the practice of land subsidence in Tianjin. By comparing the GPS measurement results with the first-class measurement results, it is demonstrated from the perspective of accuracy and consistency that the differential GPS static measurement method can be used for large Range of land subsidence monitoring. This shows that within a certain range, static differential GPS measurement technology to replace second-class level measurement can be achieved.